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The Winter 2009 Health News newsletter contains an article about vitamin D deficiency in America. This article was based on a seminar presented by Grass Roots Seminars. The following is a list of many of the references used for both the seminar and my article.

Abbas S, Chang-Claude J, Linseisen J. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and premenopausal breast cancer risk in a German case-control study. Int J Cancer. 2008.

Abbas S, Linseisen J, Slanger T, Kropp S, Mutschelknauss EJ, Flesch-Janys D, Chang- Claude J. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of post-menopausal breast cancer-- results of a large case-control study. Carcinogenesis. 2008 ;29:93-9.

Bertone-Johnson, E.R. et al. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2005; 14: 1991-7.

Berwick M, Armstrong BK, Ben-Porat L, Fine J, Kricker A, Eberle C, Barnhill R. Sun exposure and mortality from melanoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:195-9.

EURODIAB. Diabetes. 1988 Aug;37(8):1113-9.

Feskanich D, et al. Plasma vitamin D metabolites and risk of colorectal cancer in women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004;13:1502– 8.

Forman, JP et al.Plasma 25(OH)D and 4-year Multivariable Adjusted RR for Incident Hypertension. Hypertension 2007; 49:1063-9.

Freedman DM, Looker AC, Shih-Chen C, et al. Prospective study of serum vitamin D and cancer mortality in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1594-602.

Garland CF, et al. Vitamin D and prevention of breast cancer: Pooled analysis, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007;103:708-11.

Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Rimm EB, Hollis BW, Fuchs CS, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Prospective study of predictors of vitamin D status and cancer incidence and mortality in men. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98:451-9.

Giovannucci E, et al. Low 25-(OH)D levels associated with increased risk of MI in men. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:1174-80.

Goodwin PJ, et al. Vitamin D deficiency is common at breast cancer diagnosis and is associated with a significantly higher risk of distant recurrence and death in a prospective cohort study. American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, May 30-June 3, 2008. Abstract number: 08-AB-31397-ASCOAM.

Gorham ED, et al. Optimal vitamin D status for colorectal cancer prevention: A Quantitative Meta Analysis. Am J Prev Med March 2007; 32:210-6.

Gorham ED, Mohr SB, Garland CF, Chaplin G, Garland FC. Do sunscreens increase risk of melanoma in populations residing at higher latitudes? Ann Epidemiol. 2007;17:956-63.

Gruber BM, Anuszewska EL. Influence of vitamin D3 metabolites on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity of adriamycin in human normal and neoplastic cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2002;16:663-7.

Hathcock JN et al. Vitamin D intake and toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85:6-18. **cites no toxicity below 30,000IU/day.

Heaney RP, Davies KM, Chen TC, Holick MF, Barger-Lux MJ. Human serum 25- hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:204-10.

Hollis BW. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels indicative of vitamin D sufficiency: implications for establishing a new effective dietary intake recommendation for vitamin D. J Nutr. 2005;135:317-22.

Hypertension 1997, 30:150-156. Shows epidemiology for hypertension by latitude.

HyppönenE, LääräE, ReunanenA, JärvelinMR, Virtanen SM.Intakeof vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes: birth-cohort study. Lancet. 2001;358:1500-3.

Incidence Rates of Type I Diabetes in 51 Regions Young men, ages 0-18 by latitude, 1990-1994. World Health Organization.

Lappe JM, Travers-Gustafson D, Davies KM, Recker RR, Heaney RP. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: results of a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85:1586-91.

Lowe LC, et al. Plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations, vitamin D receptor genotype and breast cancer risk in a UK Caucasian population. Eur J Cancer. 2005;41:1164-9.

Martins D et al. Low 25-(OH)D Levels are Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:1159-165.

Melamed M et al. Low 25-OHD Levels Associated with Higher Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease: NHANES 2001–2004 (n= 4839) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008;28:1179-85.

Millen AE, Tucker MA, Hartge P, et al. Diet and melanoma in a case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 2004;13:1042-51.

Mohr SB, Gorham ED, Garland CF, Grant WB, Garland FC. Are low ultraviolet B and high animal protein intake associated with risk of renal cancer? Int J Cancer. 2006;119:2705-9.

Pelczynska M, Switalska M, Maciejewska M, Jaroszewicz I, Kutner A, Opolski A. Antiproliferative activity of vitamin D compounds in combination with cytostatics. Anticancer Research 2006;26:2701-5.

Plitz et al. Low vitamin D levels independently predict stroke. Stroke 2008;39:2611-13.

Stene LC, Joner G. Use of cod liver oil during the first year of life is associated with lower risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: a large, population-based, case-control study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:1128-34.

Tangrea J, et al. Serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and the subsequent risk of colon and rectal cancer in Finnish men. Cancer Causes Control 1997;8:615–25.

Targher G. et al. Serum 25-(OH)DlLevels in Type II diabetics: Correlation with carotid IMG. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006;65:593-7.

Tworoger SS, Lee IM, Buring JE, Rosner B, Hollis BW, Hankinson SE. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and risk of incident ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16:783-8.

Wactawski-Wende J, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer. New Engl J Med 2006; 354:684-96.